Liver function tests are important examinations to measure liver health and ensure there are no disorders affecting it. These tests include measuring the levels of various enzymes and proteins in the blood that are normally secreted by the liver or appear at elevated levels when there are liver problems.
Key tests and enzymes measured:
- Albumin (ALB): It is an indicator of the liver’s synthetic ability and decreases when the liver is damaged.
- Bilirubin: It is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and is supposed to be removed by the liver. Elevated levels indicate problems with liver function.
- Liver enzymes (ALT and AST): The levels of these enzymes increase when there is damage to liver cells.
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): An increase in these enzymes indicates damage to the liver or bile ducts.
Reasons for Conducting the Tests:
- Symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, vomiting, and changes in the color of stool and urine.
- Early diagnosis of diseases such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or other liver diseases caused by medications or alcohol.
Preparing the Patient for the Tests:
Usually, no special preparations are required before conducting the tests, but fasting is preferred for some tests if they are conducted along with other tests such as blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
Interpreting the Results:
The results are compared to normal ranges that vary based on age, gender, and the testing laboratory. Deviation from these levels can be an indicator of a liver problem that should be followed up with a doctor.
